🇳🇱 Netherlands

The Netherlands has a clear and comprehensive regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies, including adherence to MiCAR and the Dutch AML Act (Wwft). The Financial Supervision Act (Wft) also applies, ensuring robust oversight by De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB).

Overview

StatusLegal
Risk Score28/100 (Moderate Risk)
Regioneurope
CurrencyEUR
Adoption Rank#21

Tax Information

Capital Gains (Personal)36% deemed return tax on net assets above €57,000 (Box 3); actual gains not taxed
Capital Gains (Corporate)25.8% (19% for first €200,000)
VAT on CryptoNo

Crypto transactions are subject to VAT. Specific tax rates for capital gains, staking, mining, and airdrops are not detailed on the regulator page.

Licensing & Registration

RequiredYes
RegulatorAFM / DNB
FrameworkMiCAR
Easemedium
Cost (USD)$50,000 - $110,000

Licensing is governed under MiCAR and requires compliance with Dutch financial regulations overseen by DNB.

Enforcement Activity

Level: High

DNB has imposed fines on crypto companies for AML non-compliance and rejected VASP registration applications. AFM has issued warnings about crypto risks and unauthorized platforms.

AML / KYC

KYC RequiredYes
Travel RuleYes
FATF MemberYes
FATF Statuscompliant
FATF BodyFATF
Suspicious-Activity ReportingYes

DeFi, Stablecoins & NFTs

Status: regulated

DeFi activities fall under the regulatory scope of MiCAR and Dutch AML laws, requiring compliance with existing financial regulations.

Stablecoins

Status: regulated

Stablecoins are regulated under MiCAR with specific requirements for issuance and operation.

NFTs

Status: Unclear

MiCA excludes unique NFTs. AFM follows ESMA classification guidance.

Mining

LegalYes
Electricity Cost$0.18/kWh
Renewable Energy30%
Infrastructureexcellent

Mining is legal with relatively high electricity costs and moderate renewable energy usage. Excellent infrastructure supports mining operations.

Geopolitical Risk

Stabilitystable
SanctionsNo
Corruption Index80/100
Banking Accessopen

Risk Factors

The Netherlands offers a stable and supportive environment for crypto businesses with open banking access and strong internet freedom. Inflation risks exist due to global geopolitical tensions but overall risk remains low.

Sources

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Last reviewed: 2026-04-13 · Data source: Soken Crypto Legal Map

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